Statistical process control methods for quality inspection of blood component samples: a case study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the analytical methods for detecting data in the process of quality inspection of blood component samples. 【Methods】 The quality inspection data of blood component samples from 2018 to 2022 in our center were collected. Based on the principles of statistical process control, control charts were created using Minitab software to analyze key test items. 【Results】 The P control chart was used to analyze the pass rate of platelet content and revealed one out-of-control point. The normality test was performed on plasma protein content to analyze the causes of data fluctuations for further improvement. The mean and range control chart was utilized for hematocrit measurement, with abnormal data trends detected. Further analysis of the normality test and process capability analysis was conducted, resulting in a Cpk value of 0.67. 【Conclusion】 By applying statistical process control methods, the study employed P control charts to analyze count data in the quality inspection of blood component samples, conducted normality tests for measurement data, and utilized mean and range control charts to identify abnormal data trends. For data conforming to a normal distribution, the process capability index (Cpk) was calculated to explore effective monitoring methods for ensuring stability in the blood supply process.

Study on the age composition of blood donors in some areas of China / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the recruitment and retention strategy of blood donors by investigating the age composition of blood donors in some areas of China, so as to promote blood donation and enhance clinical blood supply. 【Methods】 Through the working platform of Practice Comparison Working Group of China’s Mainland Blood Collection and Supply Institutions, the average age and age composition of blood donors from 22 blood centers were collected, and statistical analysis was conducted after eliminating invalid data. 【Results】 The median average age of blood donors during the survey year was 30.02.The median age in 2.89% of the blood centers was lower than 25. The average age of different genders was statistically significant only in 2018(P<0.05). Fot first-time blood donors, the median constituent ratio of donors <25 and ≥25 years old was 54.53% and 44.28%, with median retention rate at 10.30% and 9.61%, respectively. The median overall participation rate of blood donors was 2.7%, with median participation rate of blood donors <25 years old at 5.1%. 【Conclusion】 The recruitment and retention of blood donor is crucial to enhance clinical blood supply. Blood donors <25 years old, with a longer period for future donation, should be the main target of blood donation recruitment. Meanwhile, the revision of upper age limit for blood donation is another important initiative to grow the blood donor pool.

The monitoring of adverse reactions to blood donation: a multi-center analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the establishment of multi-center haemovigilance (HV) and the monitoring of adverse reactions to blood donation (ARBD), in order to provide basis for the management of blood donors. 【Methods】 The operation of HV was investigated by questionnaire. The total number of blood donations (including plateletpheresis) and ARBD cases occurred in each blood center from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 24 blood centers in this survey, only nine got HV operated. The incidence of ARBD of 19 blood centers that fulfilled the questionnaire was in the range of (0.003~1.151) %. The change trend of number and incidence of ARBD cases were indeterminate. 【Conclusion】 Most blood centers did not got HV established. The incidence of ARBD varied greatly and was indeterminate. The application of HV should be further improved to strengthen ARBD management.

Clinical study of acupuncture combined with three oxygen in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with three oxygen in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.@*Methods@#According to the digital table, 70 patients with neck thoracolumbar sacral postherpetic neuralgia were randomly divided into control group (conventional acupuncture plus oral gabapentin+ Bailemian capsule oral group) and observation group (abdominal acupuncture + floating needle + three oxygen paravertebral injection group), 35 cases in each group.The clinical efficacy, sleep state (SRSS), anxiety state (HAMA) and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the two groups were observed and recorded after treatment.@*Results@#The curative effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (91.43% vs.65.71%, χ2=6.873, P<0.05), and the SRSS, HAMA and VAS scores after treatment in the observation group were better than those in the control group[SRSS: (17.23±3.36)points vs.(10.79±2.48)points, t=8.472, P<0.05; HAMA: (12.14±2.62)points vs.(8.49±2.77)points, t=7.251, P<0.05; VAS: (3.19±0.98)points vs.(1.87±0.68)points, t=6.919, P<0.05)].@*Conclusion@#Acupuncture combined with three oxygen in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia has significant curative effect, without toxic and side effects, it has higher clinical practical value.

The clinical study of middle and old age patients with knee osteoarthritis treated by abdominal acupuncture combined with sodium hyaluronate injected in intraarticular / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of knee osteoarthritis treated by abdominal acupuncture combined with sodium hyaluronate injected in intraarticular.Methods 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into observation group and control group,60 patients in each group.The observation group was treated by abdominal acupuncture combined with sodium hyaluronate injected in intraarticular.The control group was treated with intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate alone.Results After a follow up of 6 months, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.00%,which was higher than 78.33% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (x2=7.21,P<0.01).Conclusion Abdominal acupuncture combined with intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate is a good way to treat middle and old age patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Comparison of Smoking Affecting Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics between US and Chinese Pre-scription Drug Instructions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference of the information about smoking affecting pharmacodynamics and pharma-cokinetics in prescription drug instructions between US and China. METHODS:The US and Chinese guidance for drug R&D and drug instructions editing,prescription drug instructions were collected;the information about smoking affecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics were retrieved from FDA drug instruction official website DailyMed and Yaozhi Network in China up to Jun. 19th,2014. The difference in related regulations and drug instruction were compared between US and China. RESULTS & CON-CLUSIONS:The guidance issued by US and China require that great importance should be attached to the effects of smoking on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics,and it must be noted in drug instructions. Of 62 857 drugs recorded,smoking affected pharmacodynamics and pharmcokinetics of 34 drugs in US drug instructions,among which 9 drugs needed dose modifications;for above drugs,Chinese drug instructions pointed out great importance should be attached to the effect of smoking on pharmacodynam-ics and pharmacokinetics of 6 drugs,and only one drug(erlotinid hydrochloride)needed to be modified. The label rate of smoking affecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics was relatively low in Chinese drug instructions compared to US. It is suggested that the regulatory agent should standardize and improve related description in drug instruction,correct unsuitable content,revise the items which may result in severe consequence,and set up official website which can provide all drug instructions as soon as possible. Drug manufacturers should standardize clinical study of drugs before marketing,focus on the scientificity,completeness and normalization of drug instructions.

BMP-4 induced proliferation and oriented differentiation of rat hepatic oval cells into hepatocytes

Objective:To explore the role of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs).Methods: The effect of BMP-4 on rat hepatic oval cells was examined by using the WB-F344 rat hepatocytic epithelial stem-cell-like cell line. This hepatocytic cell line could exert various hepatocyte functions including the secretion of albumin and urea. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of BMP-4 and its antagonist, Noggin, on the proliferation and differentiation of these cells, cellular uptake and excretion of indocyanine green, the periodic acid-schiff (PAS) assay for glycogen storage and the expression of hepatic markers.Results:Our results showed for the first time that BMP-4 may acted as a potential inducer of hepatic differentiation in rat hepatic oval cells.Conclusions:This cell source offers a much-needed attractive and expandable source for future investigations of drug screening, stem cell technologies and cellular transplantation, in a society with increasing levels of liver disease and damage.

Influence of type A character on early renal impairment in elderly patients with essential hypertension and the protective effect of benazepril / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore the influence of type A character on early renal impairment in elderly patients with essential hypertension and the protective effect of benazepril. Methods According to the type A behavior measuring scale, 80 cases with type A character and 80 cases without type A character were screened out from the elderly patients with essential hypertension. The patients received benazepril intervention with incipient dose of 10 mg daily, which increased gradually to the largest does of 20 mg daily within 1 month, The treatment lasted 6 months in order to make the patients achieve the normal blood pressure (BP). The general data, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ )> urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pretherapy and post-treatment respectively. Results There were no statistically significant differences at pretherapy between the two groups in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (all P>0.05). Ang Ⅱ [(60.3±11.6)mg/Lvs (55.8±10.2)mg/L], UAER[(83.3±23.3)μg/min vs. (75.7±16.3)μg/min] and β2-MG [(75.6±24.5)mmol/L vs. (66.0±19.4)mmol/L] were significantly higher in type A character group than in non-type A character group (t=2.598, 2.603, 2.742; P= 0.016,0.012, 0.008). TypeA character value of the two groups showed a positive correlation with Ang Ⅱ (r= 0.361, P=0.002), UAER (r=0.198, P=0.015) and β2-MG (r=0.202, P = 0.021). Only Ang Ⅱ (β=0.291, t=2.793, P= 0.008) was correlated to type A character value independently by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Before treatment in both of the type A character group and the non-type-A character group, there was a positive correlation between Ang II and UAER, (β2-MG, and obvious correlation in type-A character group. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Ang Ⅱ , UREA and β2-MG were all decreased obviously in two groups post treatment. And the variable value of AngⅡ was also positively correlated with UAER (r=0.373, P=0.005; r=0.282, P=0.032), fr-MG (r= 0.385, P=0.003; r= 0.279, P=0.039) before and after treatment. Conclusions Type A character can aggravate injury of early renal function by certain stress systems in the elderly patients with essential hypertension and benazepril has better protective effect for it.

Effect of short term heavy alcohol consumption and protection of valsartan on cardiac function in rats / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the effects of heavy alcohol consumption in a short term and the protection of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (valsartan) on cardiac function in rats. Methods The 42 male Wistar rats aged 20 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group C, n= 10), alcohol group (group A, n=10), low-dose valsartan group (LD group, n= 11) and high-dose valsartan group (HD group, n= 11). They were supplied with same animal feeds, but all of them were administered different dose of alcohol and medicine via intragastric tube: group C was administered water, group A was administered alcohol (6. 4 g/kg), LD group was administered alcohol (6.4 g/kg) and valsartan (15 mg/kg), HD group was administered alcohol (6.4 g/kg) and valsartan (30 mg/kg). And 9 weeks later, the change of cardiac function was observed by echocardiography, the body and heart weight were measured, the hydroxyproline content of rat myocardium was determined by sample alkaline solution. Results After 9 weeks, there were no significant differences among four groups in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV) and fraction shortening (FS). But the E peak, Ea/Aa, Ea peak and Aa peak were obviously lower in group A than in groups of C, LD and HD (all P＜0.05), and there were significant differences among C group, LD group and HD group in E peak, Ea/Aa (all P＜0. 05). The HW/BW and hydroxproline (Hyp) contents of myocardium were higher in group A than in groups of C, LD and HD (all P＜0. 01), but there were no statistical significances among group C, LD group and HD group (all P＞0. 05). Conclusions The short term heavy alcohol consumption results in impaired ultrastructure and diastolic function of myocardium in rats, the angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (valsartan) may protect it.

Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Elderly Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance / 天津医药

Objective:To determine the risk factor for early stage atherosclerosis in elderly patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Methods:One hundred patients were divided into 2 groups,experimental group(IGT,n=50)and control group(NGT,n=50).Patients in both groups underwent high-frequency Doppler echocardiography to evaluate intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid artery and flow-mediated diastolic function(FMD)of brachial artery,which was indicated by diastolic inner diameter changing rate(D %).The values were measured in both groups of including body height,body weight,waist line,hip line,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),two hours plasma glucose(2hPG),fasting insulin(FINS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cbolesterel(HDL-C),high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),nitrogen monoxidum(NO),body mass index(BMl),waist-to-hip ratios(WHR),and insulin resistance index with homeostasis model(HOMA-IR).The association between all of the parameters and IMT,and the risk factors for the carotid artery were analysed in IGT group.Results:The values of BMI,WHR,2hPG,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,FINS and IMT of carotid artery were significantly increased in IGT group compared with those of the NGT group.Conversely,NO,HOMA-IR and D% were significantly decreased in IGT group than those of NGT group(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was positive correlation between carotid-IMT and the age,BMI,WHR,2hPG,TC,LDL-C,hs-CRP and HOMA-IR in IGT group(P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Inversely,there was negative correlation between carotid-IMT with D% in IGT group(P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for carotid-IMT were age,WHR,HOMA-IR and D%.Conclusion:Elderly patients with IGT have already had risk factors for early stage atherosclerosis,including age,concentric obesity,insulin resistance,and impaired endothelial function.

Effect of type-A behavior pattern on intervention of benazepril in patients with essential hypertension / 中华全科医师杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of type-A behavior pattern on intervention of benasepril in patients with essential hypertension.MethodsAccording to the type-A behavior score patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups:type-A group(n=80)and non-type-A group(n=80).Benazepfil was given to all patients for 3 months with gradual increase of dosage till the blood pressure (Bp)was controlled under 140/90 nlln Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang Ⅱ)was measured by radioimmunoassay and left yentrieular mass index(LVMI)was examined by ultrasonic echoeardiography(UCG)before and after treatmenL ResultsBefore benazepril treatment.plasma AngⅡ levels and LVMI in type-A group were higher than those in non-type-A group(P＜0.05),but there was no difference in Bp between two groups.Type-A behavior value were positively correlated with Ang Ⅱ and LVMI in two groups,but only Ang Ⅱ level was independent risk factor.Ang II levels were positively correlated with LVMI in two groups and that was more significantly in type-A group(P＜0.05-0.01).After treatment,Bp,plasma Ang Ⅱ and LVMI were all decreased significantly in two groups(P＜0.05-0.01)and Ang Ⅱ and LVMI were decreased more markedly in type-A group(P＜0.05).The variations of Ang Ⅱ and LVMI before and after treatment were positively correlated in two groups.but more markedly in type.A group (P＜0.05-0.01).CondusionCharacters may affect left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension through some stress factors and benazepril has better intervening effect on it.

Effect of Type-A Character on Endothelial Function in the Elderly / 天津医药

Objective: To investigate the effect of type-A character on endothelial function in the elderly. Methods:According to type-A character scale of Zhang Baiyuan, type-A character group and non-type-A character group were screened from the normal elderly, 60 eases for each respectively. Flow-mediated diastolic function of brachial artery was examined by high-frequency eehocardiography, which was reflected by diastolic inner diameter changing rate (D %). Other parameters included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET)and angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ). All of the parameters and the scores of type-A character were compared and analyzed between the two groups. ResultS:(1) The levels of SBP and DBP were significantly higher in type A character group than those of non-type A character group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in values of FPG, TC, TG and LDL-C between two groups (P＞0.05). (2) The values of D% and NO were significantly lower in type A character group than those of non-type-A character group (P＜0.05 ). The values of Ang Ⅱand ET were significantly higher in type-A character group than those of non-type-A group (P＜0.05 ). (3)Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the scores of type-A character were positively correlated with Ang Ⅱ, ET, SBP and DBP (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), but negatively correlated with D% and NO (P＜0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that only Ang Ⅱwas an independent risk factor for type-A character. Conclusion:h was showed that the increased Ang Ⅱinduced by abnormal activation of reunin-angiotensin-aldosteerone system (RAAS)may be the main mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in the eldedy with type-A character.